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Can the Morrison Govt ignore the cost of franking credits?
The Federal Government may yet have to examine the cost of refundable franking credits to its corporate tax base, according to major consultancy KPMG.
KPMG tax partner, Asset and Wealth Management, Damian Ryan has noted the manner in which the Australian Labor Party’s proposal to remove refundable franking credits impacted its election chances but said the politicisation of the issue only served to cloud the reality.
“What was lost in much of the Election discussion around the removal of the refund of franking credits for individuals and superannuation funds, was the tax policy issue that is trying to be addressed,” he said. This is that as the Australian population ages, and as more shares are held by retired Australian individuals and/or superannuation funds with a significant proportion of members in pension phase, a significant part of the corporate tax base is refunded, thereby putting a strain on the country's tax base.”
“In Australia, income tax is levied at a company level. To avoid double taxation of the profits, we have a system of dividend imputation. When a company pays a dividend, it attaches a franking credit, being a credit for the tax paid by the company on that profit.
“When received by a shareholder, the shareholder receives a tax offset for the tax paid at the company level. Where an individual's rate of tax is less than the corporate rate of tax, the excess franking offset is used to offset the tax liability on other income.”
“Similarly, for a superannuation fund, with a tax rate of 15 per cent for income in accumulation phase, the excess franking offset is used to offset the tax liability on other income (including assessable contributions). In both cases, where the franking offset exceeds the tax liability, the excess is a refundable credit,” Ryan said.
“To state the obvious, where the excess is refunded, the Federal Government is refunding part of the corporate tax base. This is not necessarily wrong. It is however, a tax policy choice, with longer term implications for the stability of the revenue base,” he said.
“According to one view of tax policy, the imputation system is to avoid double taxation on the company profit. This view would support of view that provides an offset for the franking credit, but not a refund.”
However, Ryan said another valid view was that an individual (or superannuation fund) should be put in the same situation regardless of whether they derived the income directly or whether they invested collectively via a company, and received the return via a dividend.
“Both arguments have merit from a tax policy perspective,” he said. “During the election campaign, on one side, refundable franking offsets were described as a ‘tax rort by the big end of town’. On the other side, providing an offset but not a refund was described as a ‘new tax on retirees’. In reality, neither description is accurate.”
Ryan said the policy issue was whether income tax at a corporate level was a tax in itself, or rather a prepayment of tax, with the ultimate level of tax dependent upon the tax profile of the individual and the superannuation fund.
“Either position is defendable from a tax policy perspective - but it comes with fiscal consequences,” he said. “Assuming that the current situation of refundable franking credits continues, then Australia will continue to refund part of its corporate tax base. The other alternatives are to accept the reduced tax base, and correct spending accordingly, or to revisit the tax base, including consumption taxes, which is just as politically difficult.”
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You are either going to have franking credits where everyone benefits from tax concessions including retirees or you are not where only the Company pays tax on profits.
So let's hear about some other policy options that might address the longer term issue in a fairer way than the Labor policy.
Should pension phase earnings be taxed within the fund? Should super pensions be taxed when received? What should be the treatment of pension earnings or payments on concessional vs non-concessional balances?
The coalition already made big changes to improve sustainability of the system e g. $1.6m TBC. Is the system as it stands sustainable as more and more boomers retire?